Breast Cancer in the UAE: Causes, Statistics & Precautions

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women worldwide, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is no exception. While it can also affect men, the overwhelming majority of cases occur in women. Understanding its causes, recognizing the local statistics, and adopting preventive measures are key to reducing risks and improving survival rates.

 Key Statistics in the UAE

• In 2021, the UAE National Cancer Registry reported 1,139 new breast cancer cases (1,128 in women). This accounted for 20.2% of all malignant cancers in the country.
• The crude incidence rate among women was 40.1 cases per 100,000, with an age-standardized rate (ASR) of about 52 cases per 100,000 women.
• Breast cancer represents 36.9% of all cancers among women in the UAE.
• In terms of mortality, it accounted for about 9.64% of all female cancer deaths in 2021.
• A survey by Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC) found that 34% of women over 40 have never had a mammogram. The rate was even higher in Sharjah, where 46% of women over 40 reported never undergoing screening.
• According to the same survey, 8 in 10 women in the UAE have either had breast cancer themselves or know someone who has.
• Screening remains low: only 55.6% of women aged 40–69 have ever had a mammogram, compared to just 21.2% of women under 40.
• A study also showed that 81.7% of women surveyed had more than five risk factors for breast cancer, highlighting the importance of lifestyle and awareness.

Causes & Risk Factors

There is no single cause of breast cancer, but several risk factors increase the likelihood of its development:

• Genetics & family history: Women with close relatives (mother, sister, aunt) who had breast cancer or who carry genetic mutations such as BRCA1/BRCA2 are at higher risk.
• Hormonal factors: Early menstruation, late menopause, having no children, or having a first pregnancy after 35 increase hormonal exposure.
• Lifestyle: Smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, lack of physical activity, and poor diet play a major role.
• Age: The risk rises significantly after age 40, which aligns with UAE incidence and screening data.
• Environmental exposure: Chemicals and radiation can also contribute.

Precautions & Preventive Measures

While breast cancer cannot be completely prevented, the risk can be reduced and survival rates improved through early detection:

1. Regular self-examination: Monitor for lumps, unusual pain, nipple discharge, or changes in the skin or breast shape.
2. Routine screenings: Mammograms are crucial, especially for women aged 40 and above. Early detection can result in up to 98% survival rates in the UAE.
3. Healthy lifestyle: Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fiber; exercise regularly; limit alcohol; and avoid smoking.
4. High-risk women: Those with a family history should undergo genetic testing and closer medical monitoring.
5. Awareness & education: Breaking cultural barriers and encouraging women to get screened is essential, especially in regions where mammography rates are still low.

Conclusion

Breast cancer is the leading cancer among women in the UAE, but it is not a death sentence if detected early. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, paying attention to risk factors, and participating in regular screenings can significantly reduce the risks.

The key lies in prevention and early detection: the earlier breast cancer is diagnosed, the greater the chances of successful treatment and survival.